{"id":649,"date":"2025-12-30T11:40:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T11:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/?p=649"},"modified":"2026-01-11T13:56:42","modified_gmt":"2026-01-11T13:56:42","slug":"obrad-brit-mila-ako-jedna-z-najdolezitejsich-tradicii-zidovskeho-naroda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/2025\/12\/30\/obrad-brit-mila-ako-jedna-z-najdolezitejsich-tradicii-zidovskeho-naroda\/","title":{"rendered":"OBRAD BRIT MILA AKO JEDNA Z NAJD\u00d4LE\u017dITEJ\u0160\u00cdCH TRAD\u00cdCI\u00cd \u017dIDOVSK\u00c9HO N\u00c1RODA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"99\" src=\"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/LOGO_GTF_2021-kopia-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-101\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>PERMANETN\u00c1 FORM\u00c1CIA ABSOLVENTOV TEOLOGICK\u00ddCH FAK\u00daLT&nbsp;<\/strong><br>Mgr. Jana Luk\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1, PhD.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u00c9MA III:<\/strong> OBRAD BRIT MILA AKO JEDNA Z NAJD\u00d4LE\u017dITEJ\u0160\u00cdCH TRAD\u00cd-<br>CI\u00cd \u017dIDOVSK\u00c9HO N\u00c1RODA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-black-background-color has-black-color is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u00daVOD<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obriezka v judaizme je vn\u00edman\u00e1 ako povinnos\u0165, ktor\u00fa m\u00e1 otec vo\u010di svojmu synovi. Okrem toho jej d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 je<br>pod\u010diarknut\u00e1 aj skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee je hne\u010f 2 z pomedzi 613 prik\u00e1zan\u00ed micvot zn\u00e1mych z T\u00f3ry. Samotn\u00fd term\u00edn brit mila odzr-<br>kad\u013euje zmluvu medzi \u013eudom Izraela a jeho Bohom. Jej spe\u010datenie potvrdzuje skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee je potvrden\u00e1 na tele ka\u017ed\u00e9ho<br>mu\u017ea a \u017did je ozna\u010den\u00fd t\u00fdmto znakom od \u00f4smeho d\u0148a svojho narodenia, \u010fal\u0161ou skuto\u010dnos\u0165ou je, \u017ee tento obrad m\u00f4\u017ee<br>by\u0165 vykon\u00e1van\u00fd aj po\u010das \u0161abatu a rovnako na Jom Kipur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Obrad brit mila<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prostredn\u00edctvom tohto zvyku, resp. obradu je die\u0165a prijat\u00e9 do Abrah\u00e1movho zv\u00e4zku. S\u00e1m Abrah\u00e1m ustanovuje<br>zmluvu obriezky a to v knihe Gn 17, 10 \u2013 14. Tento zvyk je bezprostredne sp\u00e4t\u00fd s trad\u00edciami \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda a aj<br>napriek r\u00f4znym peripeti\u00e1m dej\u00edn \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda bol jeho neodmyslite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou. Obriezka sa rovnako vy\u017eaduje<br>aj pri konverzii na judaizmus.<br>Rozmer tohto d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9ho obradu v\u0161ak nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v rozpore so \u017eivotom, to pod\u010diarkuje aj Va-jikra 18,5. Obriezka<br>nem\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k tomu, aby niekomu sp\u00f4sobila smr\u0165. Die\u0165a mus\u00ed by\u0165 na tento obrad dostato\u010dne zdrav\u00e9. Samotn\u00fd obrad<br>je mo\u017en\u00e9 vykona\u0165 kedyko\u013evek po\u010das d\u0148a, ale malo by sa pam\u00e4ta\u0165 aj na \u010fal\u0161ie ustanovenie vych\u00e1dzaj\u00face z talmudsk\u00e9ho<br>pr\u00e1va ,,najsvedomitej\u0161\u00ed sa pon\u00e1h\u013eaj\u00fa, aby naplnili prik\u00e1zania \u010do najsk\u00f4r.\u201c<br>D\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 tohto obradu je spojen\u00e1 s rozdan\u00edm funkcie. Jedn\u00e1 z nich prin\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed tzv. \u0161u\u0161binim, tzv. opatrovate\u013eom<br>alebo patr\u00f3nom. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ide o p\u00e1r (man\u017eelia, sn\u00fabenci), \u00falohou \u017eeny je prevzia\u0165 die\u0165a od jeho matky a prinies\u0165 ho<br>do synag\u00f3gy alebo do miestnosti kde sa obrad odohr\u00e1va tam ho n\u00e1sledne pred\u00e1 mu\u017eovi alebo sn\u00fabencovi. Po skon\u010den\u00ed<br>obradu je die\u0165a prinavr\u00e1ten\u00e9 matke.<br>Pred obradom brit mila otec die\u0165a\u0165a vyslovuje nieko\u013eko ver\u0161ov a na ich konci sa k nemu obracia mohel a \u017eiada<br>o povolenie vykona\u0165 obriezku jeho syna ako z\u00e1stupca. Pred obriezkou odrieka po\u017eehnanie: ,,Po\u017eehnan\u00fd si, Pane, n\u00e1\u0161 Bo\u017ee,<br>Kr\u00e1\u013e vesm\u00edru, ktor\u00fd si n\u00e1s posv\u00e4til svojimi prik\u00e1zaniami a dal si n\u00e1m pr\u00edkaz o obriezke.\u201c Nasleduje samotn\u00fd akt obriezky, po\u010das<br>ktor\u00e9ho op\u00e4\u0165 recituje mohel po\u017eehnanie: ,,Po\u017eehnan\u00fd si, Pane, n\u00e1\u0161 Bo\u017ee, Kr\u00e1\u013e vesm\u00edru, ktor\u00fd si n\u00e1s posv\u00e4til svojimi prik\u00e1za-<br>niami a prik\u00e1zal n\u00e1m, aby sme na\u0161ich synov priviedli do zmluvy n\u00e1\u0161ho otca Abrah\u00e1ma.\u201c N\u00e1sledne sa vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa dve \u0161peci\u00e1lne<br>po\u017eehn\u00e1vania: hagAfen nad v\u00ednom a koret ha-brit za cel\u00fa udalos\u0165. Zvykom je, \u017ee t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed pred\u010d\u00edtavaj\u00fa sa napij\u00fa v\u00edna<br>a n\u00e1sledne d\u00e1vaj\u00fa chlapcovi meno, ktor\u00e9 im povedal otec die\u0165a\u0165a.<br>Potom \u010do sa sandak napije z poh\u00e1ra v\u00edna, otrie die\u0165ati kvapku v\u00edna o jeho \u00fasta a popri tom mu recituje ver\u0161 o \u017eit\u00ed.<br>Po celom obrade nasleduje recit\u00e1cia alejnu a kadi\u0161 jatom a n\u00e1sledne samotn\u00e1 oslava, ktor\u00e1 je ob\u010dasne popretk\u00e1van\u00e1 po-<br>\u017eehnaniami pre mohela a n\u00e1dej skor\u00e9ho pr\u00edchodu Mesi\u00e1\u0161a.<br>Samozrejme pri naroden\u00ed diev\u010da\u0165a je obrad odli\u0161n\u00fd. Z talmudsk\u00fdch textov m\u00f4\u017eeme vy\u010d\u00edta\u0165, \u017ee synovia boli v\u00edtanej\u0161\u00ed<br>ako dc\u00e9ry. \u010ci u\u017e sa narod\u00ed diev\u010da alebo chlapec je otec vyvolan\u00fd k \u010d\u00edtaniu T\u00f3ry, pri\u010dom sa recituje aj zvl\u00e1\u0161tna modlitba<br>za \u017eenu a novorodenca. Ak je to dc\u00e9ra je jej pri tomto obrade dan\u00e9 aj meno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">NA\u0160A \u00daLOHA:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vn\u00edma\u0165 dimenziu d\u00f4le\u017eitosti obradu brit mila pre \u017eidovsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod v minulosti a dnes, ktor\u00e1 je op\u00e4\u0165 popretk\u00e1van\u00e1<br>trad\u00edciou, ktor\u00fa si \u017eidovsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod ct\u00ed. Aj ke\u010f pre\u0161iel svoj\u00edm vlastn\u00fdm historick\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom popretk\u00e1van\u00fdm z obdob\u00edm<br>mnoh\u00fdch prenasledovan\u00ed a \u0165a\u017ekost\u00ed mo\u017eno vn\u00edma\u0165, \u017ee aj tento zvyk je nezmazate\u013enou pe\u010da\u0165ou idenity tohto n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-black-background-color has-black-color is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">LITERAT\u00daRA:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>FAZEK\u00c1\u0160, \u013d.: Etika v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch. Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica : Univerzita Mateja Bela, 2002. 69 s. ISBN 80-88945-59-3.<br>FRANEK, J.: Judaizmus. Bratislava : Maren\u010din PT, 2009. 300 s. ISBN 978-80-8114-010-5.<br>LAU, R. J. M.: Praktick\u00fd judaismus. Praha : Nakladatelstv\u00ed P3K, 2012. 363 s. ISBN 978-80-87343-09-8.<br>MEIR, A.: Eliyahu and Brit Mila. In: https:\/\/outorah.org\/p\/7169. (16.06.2025).<br>NOSEK, B. \u2013 DAMOHORSK\u00c1, P.: \u017didovsk\u00e9 tradice a zvyky. Praha : Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 2016. 258 s. ISBN 978-80-<br>246-2996-4.<br>SLIVKA, D. a kol.: \u017didovsk\u00e1 kult\u00fara v multikult\u00farnej eduk\u00e1ci\u00ed. Pre\u0161ov : Gr\u00e9ckokatol\u00edcka teologick\u00e1 fakulta Pre\u0161ovskej univer-<br>zity v Pre\u0161ove, 2009. 376 s. ISBN 978-80-555-0924-2.<br>VRIES, S. P.: \u017didovsk\u00e9 ob\u0159ady a symboly. Vy\u0161ehrad : Nakladatelstv\u00ed Vy\u0161ehrad, 2008. 299 s. ISBN 978-80-7021-963-8.<br>The Brit Milah (Bris): What You Need to Know. In: https:\/\/www.myjewishlearning.com\/article\/the-brit-milah-bris-ceremo-<br>ny\/. (16.06.2025).<br>ZAKLIKOWSKI, D.: What Is a Mohel?. https:\/\/www.chabad.org\/library\/article_cdo\/aid\/145142\/jewish\/What-is-a-Mohel.<br>htm. (16.06.2025).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PERMANETN\u00c1 FORM\u00c1CIA ABSOLVENTOV TEOLOGICK\u00ddCH FAK\u00daLT&nbsp;Mgr. Jana Luk\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1, PhD.&nbsp; T\u00c9MA III: OBRAD BRIT MILA AKO JEDNA Z NAJD\u00d4LE\u017dITEJ\u0160\u00cdCH TRAD\u00cd-CI\u00cd \u017dIDOVSK\u00c9HO N\u00c1RODA \u00daVOD Obriezka v judaizme je vn\u00edman\u00e1 ako povinnos\u0165, ktor\u00fa m\u00e1 otec vo\u010di svojmu synovi. Okrem toho jej d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 jepod\u010diarknut\u00e1 aj<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lukacova"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"featured-blog-large":false,"featured-blog-medium":false,"featured":false,"featured-blog-medium-small":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Coranic","author_link":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/author\/coranic\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"PERMANETN\u00c1 FORM\u00c1CIA ABSOLVENTOV TEOLOGICK\u00ddCH FAK\u00daLT&nbsp;Mgr. Jana Luk\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1, PhD.&nbsp; T\u00c9MA III: OBRAD BRIT MILA AKO JEDNA Z NAJD\u00d4LE\u017dITEJ\u0160\u00cdCH TRAD\u00cd-CI\u00cd \u017dIDOVSK\u00c9HO N\u00c1RODA \u00daVOD Obriezka v judaizme je vn\u00edman\u00e1 ako povinnos\u0165, ktor\u00fa m\u00e1 otec vo\u010di svojmu synovi. Okrem toho jej d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 jepod\u010diarknut\u00e1 aj","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=649"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":696,"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649\/revisions\/696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}