{"id":551,"date":"2022-02-20T19:37:25","date_gmt":"2022-02-20T19:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/?p=551"},"modified":"2022-02-20T19:37:26","modified_gmt":"2022-02-20T19:37:26","slug":"piliere-viery-v-islame","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/2022\/02\/20\/piliere-viery-v-islame\/","title":{"rendered":"PILIERE VIERY V ISLAME"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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PERMANETN\u00c1 FORM\u00c1CIA ABSOLVENTOV TEOLOGICK\u00ddCH FAK\u00daLT <\/strong>
Mgr. Jana Luk\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1, PhD. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00c9MA II: <\/strong>PILIERE VIERY V ISLAME<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Islam pozn\u00e1 p\u00e4\u0165 pilierov viery (ark\u00e1n) <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0161ah\u00e1da<\/em>, teda vyznanie viery; 
2. salat<\/em>, teda modlitba; 
3. zak\u00e1t<\/em>, teda almu\u017ena; 
4. saum<\/em>, teda p\u00f4st; 
5. had\u017ed\u017e<\/em>, teda p\u00fa\u0165 do Mekky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ah\u00e1da <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prv\u00fdm pilierom viery je \u0161ah\u00e1da<\/em>, teda vyznanie: ,,Nie je bo\u017estvo okrem Boha a Mohamed je posol Bo\u017e\u00ed.\u201c ,,A\u0161hadu an l\u00e1 il\u00e1ha ill\u00e1\u00b4ll\u00e1h wa Muhammad ras\u00falu\u00b4ill\u00e1h.\u201c <\/em>Vysloven\u00edm tejto vety veriaci prij\u00edma konverziu na islam. Na druhej strane si tento ver\u0161 moslimovia pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa aj pri ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch modlitb\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salat <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00ed pilier viery predstavuje salat<\/em>, teda modlitba. Zbo\u017en\u00fd moslim sa m\u00e1 obraca\u0165 k Bohu: za \u00fasvitu, odpoludnia, uprostred odpoludnia, pri z\u00e1pade slnka a na za\u010diatku noci. Modlitba je z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e1 pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho moslima, ktor\u00fd sp\u013a\u0148a dva predpoklady: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– je du\u0161evne zdrav\u00fd a svojpr\u00e1vny, 
– moslima, ktor\u00fd je relat\u00edvne zdrav\u00fd a dosiahol u\u017e pubertu- teda vek 14 rokov, ak netrp\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enou chorobou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dnes ak nav\u0161t\u00edvite krajinu, v ktorej je v dominancii islam, resp. je po\u010det pr\u00edvr\u017eencov islamu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017eete v nej n\u00e1js\u0165 ve\u017ee- minarety<\/em>, ktor\u00e9 sl\u00fa\u017eia na zvol\u00e1vanie k modlitbe. Pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd \u010das zvol\u00e1vania k modlitbe vykon\u00e1vali muezzinovia <\/em>volan\u00edm adhanu<\/em>. Moslim sa m\u00e1 pred modlitbou o\u010disti\u0165 a mal by sa vymani\u0165 spod jarma tohto sveta. Teda aj miesto modlitby by malo by\u0165 \u010dist\u00fdm miestom. Okrem toho mus\u00ed by\u0165 \u010dist\u00fdm aj telo modliaceho sa a jeho odev. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm prvkom sp\u00e1jaj\u00facim sa s ,,pokynmi modlitieb\u201c je spr\u00e1vny sp\u00f4sob odievanie sa po\u010das modlitieb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zak\u00e1t <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tret\u00edm pilierom viery moslimov je zak\u00e1t<\/em>, teda almu\u017ena. Tento pilier viery moslimov by sa dal vn\u00edma\u0165 v dvoch z\u00e1sadn\u00fdch rovin\u00e1ch: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– predstavuje ak\u00e9si prinavr\u00e1tenie \u010dasti majetku, ktor\u00fd Boh umo\u017enil \u010dloveku z\u00edska\u0165, ako prostriedku, ktor\u00fdm m\u00e1 \u010dlovek od\u0161kodni\u0165 svoju t\u00fa\u017ebu, \u017ee chcel vlastni\u0165. 
– ide o almu\u017enu, ktor\u00fa \u010dlovek poskytuje pre pomoc svojmu bl\u00ed\u017enemu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zak\u00e1t <\/em>sa pretavil z almu\u017eny na tzv. \u0161t\u00e1tnu da\u0148, ktor\u00e1 je pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 pre r\u00f4zne odvetia fungovania moslimskej spolo\u010dnosti. Povinnos\u0165 almu\u017eny sa pod\u013ea \u0161arie <\/em>(islamsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va) vz\u0165ahuje na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho dospel\u00e9ho moslima, pri\u010dom jeho majetok mus\u00ed presiahnu\u0165 stanoven\u00e9 minimum- nis\u00e1b<\/em>. Moslimovia dnes rozli\u0161uj\u00fa platenie dan\u00ed, k \u010domu s\u00fa viazan\u00ed z\u00e1konom <\/p>\n\n\n\n

a dobrovo\u013en\u00fdm pr\u00edspevkom v podobe zak\u00e1tu pre podporu chudobn\u00fdch a n\u00fadznych. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saum <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160tvrt\u00edm pilierom viery v islame je saum<\/em>, teda p\u00f4st. Osobitos\u0165ou tohto p\u00f4stu je skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee v islame sa p\u00f4st za\u010d\u00edna v\u00fdchodom slnka a kon\u010d\u00ed jeho z\u00e1padom. Saum <\/em>sa via\u017ee k mesiacu ramad\u00e1n, kedy sa vykon\u00e1va. P\u00f4st m\u00e1 svoje z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e9 pre moslimov, ktor\u00ed nie s\u00fa vy\u0148at\u00ed z jeho dodr\u017eiavania. Zbo\u017en\u00fd moslim sa m\u00e1 po\u010das trvania p\u00f4stu zdr\u017ea\u0165 int\u00edmneho styku, odpor\u00fa\u010da sa tak p\u00f4st zmyslov\u00fdch, ale aj telesn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov. Nem\u00e1 ohov\u00e1ra\u0165 a rovnako sa m\u00e1 zdr\u017ea\u0165 aj po\u010d\u00favania nejak\u00e9ho ohov\u00e1rania, m\u00e1 sa zdr\u017ea\u0165 hnevu, ako aj \u010fal\u0161\u00edch negat\u00edvnych cnost\u00ed. Tridsa\u0165d\u0148ov\u00fd p\u00f4st ramad\u00e1n je ukon\u010den\u00fd sviatkom Id al-fitr<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Had\u017ed\u017e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Posledn\u00fdm pilierom viery je had\u017ed\u017e<\/em>, teda p\u00fa\u0165 do Mekky. Samotn\u00e1 p\u00fa\u0165 bola tak v minulosti ako aj v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e1 pre dve skupiny obyvate\u013estva:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– osoby, ktor\u00e9 si to m\u00f4\u017eu z h\u013eadiska financi\u00ed dovoli\u0165 
– osoby, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zdravotne v poriadku na to, aby t\u00fato p\u00fa\u0165 zvl\u00e1dli. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd moslim by mal vykona\u0165 t\u00fato p\u00fa\u0165 minim\u00e1lne raz za \u017eivot. Samotn\u00e1 p\u00fa\u0165 nie je zvykom, ktor\u00fd sa sp\u00e1ja v\u00fdhradne s osobou Mohameda, ale vych\u00e1dza u\u017e z d\u00e1vnej trad\u00edcie. V roku 630 mal toto miesto prorok Mohamed vy\u010disti\u0165 a odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 v\u0161etky modly. Strediskom Mekky je Ka\u00b4ba, sv\u00e4ty\u0148a, ktor\u00e1 ma rozmer 10 x 12 m a v\u00fd\u0161ku 15 m. Pri\u010dom do jej v\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho rohu je zapusten\u00fd \u010cierny kame\u0148. Tento posv\u00e4tn\u00fd okrsok, ako ho ozna\u010duj\u00fa viacer\u00ed autori m\u00e1 vo svojej bl\u00edzkosti hne\u010f nieko\u013eko d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch miest pre moslimov. P\u00fatnik, ktor\u00fd vstupuje do posv\u00e4tn\u00e9ho okrsku si oblieka ihr\u00e1m- p\u00fatnick\u00e9 \u0161aty, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa nezo\u0161it\u00e9, \u010dist\u00e9 biele kusy l\u00e1tky. V posv\u00e4tnom okrsku musia moslimovia dodr\u017eiava\u0165 hne\u010f nieko\u013eko d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch z\u00e1kazov. Nesm\u00fa sa holi\u0165, striha\u0165, \u010desa\u0165 si vlasy, striha\u0165 si nechty, vo\u0148a\u0165 sa, \u010di ma\u0165 nejak\u00fd fyzick\u00fd kontakt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

LITERAT\u00daRA: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABDALATI, H.: Zaost\u0159eno na Isl\u00e1m. <\/em>http:\/\/www.islamweb.cz\/elknihovna\/zni\/modlitba.htm <\/p>\n\n\n\n

BAHBOUH, CH. \u2013 FLEISSIG, J. \u2013 RACZY\u0143SKI, R.: Encyklop\u00e9die isl\u00e1mu. <\/em>Praha: Nakladdatelstv\u00ed Ibn Rushd, 2008. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HAERI, \u0160. F.: Z\u00e1klady islamu. Tradice, historie, v\u00fdvoj, sou\u010dasnost. <\/em>Olomouc: Votobia, 1997. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HATTSTEIN, M. \u2013 DELIUS, P. (zost.): Isl\u00e1m. Um\u011bn\u00ed a architekt\u00fara. <\/em>Praha: Nakladatelstv\u00ed Slovart, 2006. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HILLENBRANDOV\u00c1, C.: Isl\u00e1m, Historie, sou\u010dasnost a perspektivy. <\/em>Praha: Paseka, 2017. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HOURANI, A.: D\u011bjiny arabsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta od 7. stolet\u00ed po sou\u010dasnost. <\/em>Praha: Nakladatelstv\u00ed Lidov\u00e9 noviny, 2010. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

How to convert to islam and become a muslim. <\/em>https:\/\/www.islamreligion.com\/articles\/204\/how-to-convert-to-islam-and-become-muslim\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00d6NING, F. \u2013 WALDENFELS, H.: Lexik\u00f3n n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. <\/em>Praha: Nakladatelstv\u00ed Victoria publishing, a. s., 1994. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

KROP\u00c1\u010cEK, L.: Duchovn\u00ed cesty islamu. <\/em>Praha: Vy\u0161ehrad, 2015. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

MENDEL, M.: Muslimov\u00e9 a jejich sv\u011bt. O v\u00edre, zvyklostech a sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed vyzn\u00e1va\u010d\u016f isl\u00e1mu. <\/em>Praha: Dingir, 2016. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is Dua? <\/em>http:\/\/islam.ru\/en\/content\/story\/what-dua<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERMANETN\u00c1 FORM\u00c1CIA ABSOLVENTOV TEOLOGICK\u00ddCH FAK\u00daLT Mgr. Jana Luk\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1, PhD.  T\u00c9MA II: PILIERE VIERY V ISLAME Islam pozn\u00e1 p\u00e4\u0165 pilierov viery (ark\u00e1n)  1. \u0161ah\u00e1da, teda vyznanie viery; 2. salat, teda modlitba; 3. zak\u00e1t, teda almu\u017ena; 4. saum, teda p\u00f4st; 5. had\u017ed\u017e, teda p\u00fa\u0165 do Mekky.  \u0160ah\u00e1da <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lukacova"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"featured-blog-large":false,"featured-blog-medium":false,"featured":false,"featured-blog-medium-small":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"RobertMacej","author_link":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/author\/robertmacej\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"PERMANETN\u00c1 FORM\u00c1CIA ABSOLVENTOV TEOLOGICK\u00ddCH FAK\u00daLT Mgr. Jana Luk\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1, PhD.  T\u00c9MA II: PILIERE VIERY V ISLAME Islam pozn\u00e1 p\u00e4\u0165 pilierov viery (ark\u00e1n)  1. \u0161ah\u00e1da, teda vyznanie viery; 2. salat, teda modlitba; 3. zak\u00e1t, teda almu\u017ena; 4. saum, teda p\u00f4st; 5. had\u017ed\u017e, teda p\u00fa\u0165 do Mekky.  \u0160ah\u00e1da ","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=551"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":552,"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/551\/revisions\/552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/permanentnaformacia.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}